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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (February 2010) |
| Arochukwu Aro-Okigbo |
|
|---|---|
| 鈥 City 鈥 | |
  Arochukwu
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| Coordinates: 5掳23鈥睳 7掳55鈥睧锘 / 锘5.383掳N 7.917掳E | |
| Country |  Nigeria |
| State | Abia State |
| Composition | 19 villages |
| Government One of the few kingdoms in Nigeria, practices the monarchical system of government. | |
| - Type | Monarchy |
| - Eze Aro | Ogbonnaya Okoro[1] |
| Area | |
| - Total | 202.3 sq mi (524 km2) |
| Population | |
| - Ethnicities | Igbo, Ibibio, Akpa |
| - Religions | Christianity, Traditional religions |
| 3-digit postal code prefix | 442 |
| ISO 3166 code | NG.AB.AR |
Arochukwu, sometimes referred to as Arochuku, or Aro-Okigbo, (pronounced Aruchukwu) is the third largest city in Abia State (after Aba and Umuahia) in southeastern Nigeria and homeland of the Igbo subgroup, Aro people. It is composed of 19 villages with an overall leader called Eze Aro. Arochukwu is a principal historic town in Igboland. It was also one of the cities in the Southern protectorate conquered by the British colonial government. Several historic tourist sites exist in the city. The mystic Ibini Ukpabi shrine, the slave routes and other relics of the slave trade era are frequently visited by tourists. It is also in the food belt of Abia state where most of the staple foods are produced.
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[edit] History
Arochukwu is believed to have been the homeland of the Ibibio as they arrived in 300 AD from the Benue valley and founded early states like Obong Okon Ita and Ibom. Many years passed as Igbo immigrants came along and pressed into the Ibibio occupied territory and founded several states. The first Igbo group were the Ezeagwu group led by Nna Uru. As Aro-Ibibio wars occurred, there was a stalemate. In reaction, Igbo leaders invited a priest named Nnachi from the Edda clan of northeastern Igboland and another group from the east of the Cross River through Nnachi's son Oke Nnachi. These people were identified as the Akpa people as their firearms attracted their Igbo allies. Akpa forces led by Osim and Akuma Nnubi, they helped the Igbo forces capture the rest of the area. This formed the alliance of 19 new and old states in the area known as the Arochukwu kingdom around 1650-1700. The first king (or Eze Aro) of a unified Arochukwu was Akuma but after his death, Oke Nnachi took over and his descendants have the throne to this day.
The mid 18nth century saw the start of mass migrations of Aro business families to the Igbo hinterland and adjacent areas. This migration, influence of their god Ibini Ukpabi through priests, alliance with several related neighboring Igbo and eastern Cross River militarized states (particularly Ohafia, Abam, Abiriba, Afikpo, Ekoi, and etc), and use of firearms quickly established the Aro Confederacy as a regional economic power. However, Aro economic hegemony was threatened by the penetration of Europeans, mainly British colonists. Tensions finally led to bloodshed and the Anglo-Aro War took place from 1901-1902. The Aro Confederacy stoutly resisted but were eventually defeated. This helped the British to occupy the rest of what is now known as Eastern Nigeria.
Tensions rose between the Aro Confederacy and Europeans in the late 19th century leading to the power to decline and eventually the Anglo-Aro war in 1901-1902. Constant British invasions by men with modern weapons defeated the gallant Aro forces. The legendary Ibini Ukpabi (known as the Long Juju) shrine was destroyed as the Aro dominance and power was overpowered by the British forces.
[edit] Demography
The kingdom has been home mainly to the Igbo, Ibibio, and Akpa. The main language in Arochukwu is Igbo while Ibibio is also spoken.
[edit] Etymology
Arochukwu is one of the only cities in Igboland named after God. Though named after God, it was named this before the advent of Christianity in Igboland, stemming from the belief in one 'Supreme Being. Aro translates as Spear and Chukwu as God. Put together this could imply Spear of God.
[edit] Notable people
- Mazi Alvan Ikoku, educationalist (1900鈥1971)
- Nwankwo Kanu, footballer
[edit] References
- ^ Nwogu, Mathas (August 19, 2009). "Aro Kingdom re-brands after 700 years". The Sun Publishing LTD.. http://odili.net/news/source/2009/aug/19/513.html. Retrieved 2010-02-25.
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